Taking and projection of motion pictures and films therefor



Sgt. 2

Filed'aan. 2s. lsazs INVENTOR ,BY ya Gini/4;

ATTCRN EYS i mw f r Yio y the picture;

inriuie,o ermee- .Peteur cie er. :emes

remite im @Romeinen ce 'morren Mesones un FILMS messen lpplcstionfiled Jennery 28 1929. Serial 'o. 332cm, und. in France April 29, 1927.

lThis intention relates to the taking and projection of motion picturesV In the motion picture ort the standardize tion of the ilins and the taking and proiect ing eeuipment has put serious limitations upon the relative dimensions of the frame 'oi In the practice ofV my inyention I have in ,mind the artistic and .dramatic possibilities which result from the introduction luto the body fof el motion picture of scenes which de- Vpart from the standard proportions. In

neither the photographic or peintingeud sketching ertlias 'it been poss-ibe to 'limit artistic progress by enforcing the employment' of o, frame of fixed -treportions. The rele tive dimensions of the picture are necessarily chosen so as to most advantageously -pesent the subject matter audit is WellA lmown how tremendous may be the detrimental e'ect upon the composition of si' picture of the in clusion of too much or too little of the sub:-

ject end/or its surroundings in one direction 'or another. In a motion picture the sooject metter end the, proper frame 1n 'which 1ti should most properly be presented 'are necesinerti-res.

eerily changing es difiere'nt scenes folien one another and it is desirable that the possibilityshould exist for conforming tothe re quirernents of the scene in this respect. My' invention may introduce into a. motion pic Y ture groups' of pictures',4 which et one 'mo- 'ment have a form extended in' one direction end etenother ijn-ornent 'm ey lieve a ojm exn'lcd'in another direction so es to conform tothe best 'artistic and dramatic composition of the picture.

I have also in mind the fact that the development ofthe motion picture industry has resulted in.4 greatly changingthe size and character of the theatres in Awhich pictures ere sii'ouui and that many considerations inuence the site and proportions of the steges sind consequently of the cutnins in such My invention permits the ulier employment of the scleenspace available' by erft-ending the picture in one direction or am otherl dependin on the pertcular architccf tural features 'o' nich do or moy dominate.

In one aspect my invention resides in being able to vary et will the proportions and extensions of the pictures teken and proi jected notwithstanding the employment of standard equipment and thereby obtain a series of pictures or groups ofpicturesnhose y proportions and extensions' in any direction accord. with vthe best artistic4 and' dramatic sense. For example, by my invention I mi able toestond the field of `View taken and pro` jected ut will Whilepreserfing the normal dino mensions of the films, and without reducingthe scale-of objt taken or'projected, Without lseci-ifi@ing any portion o' their vsurface and without resortinfr tothe multiplication of the apparatus. it renders possible the change of the shape of the frame of the views projected by means of o. single apparatus such es are actually in use, both for photo-- graphing the views and for projection,

Whether lantern slides or motion pictures, 70-

In the practice of my invention I extend y optically the field of View which may be4 imaged on o given area of o. sensitized surface, by compressing the Aimages in one singledirection, either in height, or in Width,

or in any inclined direction selected, this re sult being obtained byl disposing in front of. the ordinary photographing objective used to form the image any suiteble optical system igor this purpose but preferably a, syst/em including e local enemorp'uoser suitably oriented about the optical airis of the objective'. I then restore or project these images through en ordinary projection lens such as are in 5'5 common 4use sind an optical combination similer to ,thet which hos served for obtaining the impressed image and similarly oriented, which has the result of rcest ol3lisl1ing the images in their exact enlarged proportions-on 9U i n. screen offici-table dimensions errang-cj ,moy berlin 'through.stsndnrd'projectn a2- A stendere mmenslons.

l eo

perstusz'm'y invention iri'orxe osyect resi es 1 11 a negative or positive 'film em odying e. se. ries of views to be rejected, sorneof whlcln views may be optica, ly compressed 1n one d1- reaction and some inenothe'f, -wliilesome of the, vi'vws may benorml iii all directions,

Witheet optical distortion or compression. Suche film may oe' a motion picture l'm of i i It may ofc run through e 'standard oroectidfxl apparatus associated with the local encrnor'phoser'tc obtain the' cor 'rect projection and restoration or exteresion ci the leld'ol" View' of tixepictures which are compressed, the enamorphoser' being oper? tive when the zn with distorted vpictures is passing through and out of opereton wilco o lm with ordinary pictures `is passing Arly' suitable-photographic apparatus or camera such. es is customarily' employed for taking pictures may be used in conjunction Awith the loool ansroorphoser to "produce the compressed images thereon, end the restoring end projection'o' these images for ree,-` tebiishing them in their exact and proper proportions on the screen, may be done with arly ordii'lory proi'ectioc' apparatus used in conf junction with the loool enemorproser, and I llevo found thet good results and perticulerly good definition is obtained byV the rise of e. local 'enemorphoser, as above indicated, when properly adjusted'.

The optical combination forming this local enelorplioserA is composed of two orv more systems of cylindrical lenses arranged one bolliti axial planes are in coincidence? For the purpose of reducing-the chromatic and geometric aberrations of the combination, cach per,

tiel system moy be constitted by the asso'- cistiois oi several simple or cemented' cylindricel looses, calculated according tolmown Y principlessimilsr to those which ere applied to the optical systems constituted by sur# feces of revolutionV about the principal axis of the system.

The sc'verei partiel systems into 1Willich the combination may oc decomposed'sre adjust# olvides to theirgnutuel distances, according tothe di'erent distances ci the subject from.

the photographic 'apparatus so that` the ensmorpliosed image of the subject, seem through .the enamorpliosenis formed et tlle4 seine distsnce condition which 'prevents the istrodiction of astigmatism in the definitive imege(on the iilm).

The compression which the encmorphorser -fprodooesin its activo pleno is iven c. prede-- termined velue, lfuel to the lricerse of the coeilcient by which t is desired to -roultiply the extension o'f tl field 11.1 this dlrectlon;

As .appiedto thelimlriog. of e fille wch.

d ,the other in suc-Q e marmer that their,

21,/23. the compression is equal to lf/"3.6.

. The enemor lioser is adopt d to be ori? ented b 'I smpe rotation about its optical @sie un that of the objective befoe which ity is placed. According to this orieite'con4 views extended either in width, in height, or

in on the Elin.'

- vols of suclent numbensuitably secured to tile peripheryof the 'ansmorphoser may facilitate its rapid and c actgorientv 4even obliqlely may be compressed forv imag#- be cooveiilently' ily mechanical stops oi suitable nature `and arrangement.

The 'projection screen willfevidently lievel the necessary dimensonsin height 'and in Wldth so as Vto 'receive the projections of greater sizes lwhich. are obtained the one mcphoser.

for-,exemple the' lield is to be :multiplied ftion in e. selected plone or its orientation may Weyer, as it may be 'disagreeable during progections of normal dimensions to sec a screen which is not illed by the iroage, it may be advisable to mask theoreus which are not used by means of suitable curtains which sepa-rate ir; pairs'so es to effect unmaskingof the useful areas onlj7 ct opportune times.,

Further objects end :rdmotagesy o 4the nventiorr will appear from the following de' script-ion taken in connection with the drawi'rws whereip rig. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of; the photographic apparatus for taklng the picture Whose image 1s compressed 1n a honi zontol direction', l

Fig. -2 iso 1View indicating diagrammaticelly the lmcge of the object made by the anomorpl1oser,lyng in the same plane es the object',

Figs. 3 and d correspond to Figs. ccd2 for compressing the image in the verticali direction, s

Fig. 5 e. View diagrammatically indicating e. negative or lm embodying the n- Veotiom cally the images of Fig. 5 es projected upon e screen, V

Fig. 6 is a View similar* to Fig. 5 illustra# ing actusl'views which are compressed in Vcertain directions, the ps1-t of the film showto' another and a. device for :focusing the 1m.' Figs. 5a, 5?),-cnd 5o indicate diegremmati A o sides ofthe optieel :isis of the sogar* iis in conjonction with wliiohrit is use fir-Fr '3 end 7 `I have da. ninetioally iiiai'cated the local enamoro oser 2 as i including' two systems of cylindrical lenses L and 'eeclir 'composed of asin ltbin .lensf They are 'seisrneed at such e istance f from eachother t the combination lies in the seme frontal 13 plane es the object. Their focal lengths are 'further .so 'chosen es to give the desired oomp'iession to the'image.4

' In Fig.. 1G is illustratori diagrammaticelly o. cross-section of the snomoi'p'lioser system 35 'assumed to lie reduced to two lens systems L end'f L'. Between the focal lengths of these leoseseiifi'the dist-ance which se )amies l theme-such retiosvare leid' down es ene le the following conditions to. be sotisied:

V 1. The image of the irontl object plena Yproduced by. the plne shees of luminous rays which are propagated in plmes at right angleslo the coiiiii'oii plane of the axes of t-liecylindricel lefis should 'register with the object plane itself. Iiiother Words-this'plime should be one of tlie igwo planes o Brsvais of tlie'comoinac'ion viz.: one of the double.

planes of the liomographic correspondence. The plone containing the virtual image pro- 3U duced by the enamorphoser of :i plane object lying in a frontal lane should `coincide with this'objec plane itself. This plane is ndi-4 ceted at 18, 19 in Fig. 410; o

2. The enlargement of this image shoiild hei/ee given velue'. 'For example iii-tho Figes, 4 and 5, and 10, it was reim .to lli* the objeciplaneis .et infinity the sn- -o'iiioi'phoser is anessigiiiatic when the dis' tence between its two component sjfe'ems is equal' to the som of their algebraic focal lengths. This distance operi@ moet be deoressed if the object is sii o lesser flistence than isiiity.'

i Referring to Fis. 10, 1S is en ordinary 5i iologrepliic objecbive. it might also be a projection lens or mielit be replefcecl by a vteleplioio olagective. L is e positive cylin- A drioal'l'eiis sompose of two cylindrical elememes, cemented for unoemented, "with the liegst-ive element in from?, oi' beliiridsiizl both ,elemeii's-lievmg their eine). planes .perpencli'colar iso the plane of 'the peper and pass ing through the eri-is 'ofthe system. L is a negative cylindrical lens composed of iwo elements, cemented or uncemented, the posif tive one of which is either in from; or be hindi Both baile their axial planes perpendiciilar to the plane of the peper sind pessiii@ through lie exis of the system. v lhe focal lengths of the lenses L' sind and their distance from each other are so chosen that lie second focal plagio of L and lle i'st focal plane of L' coincide in 2G when il the oneoorpiioser 4ie to be snestigmeiicor et; he image :formed by,

isn object et iii'oty. The focal lengthsr eral 1 f i'airlier so clioo.v that the. ongle (af-incline" tion to the exis of rays entering the tem at L. The compressioois 1/2. `It might other velue, between 1 and 1/3.

My invent-ion is no1; limited -xilieviligv the'V optical compression toko place at the time off iii-st imaging and xing'tlie object 'ii 'on a film'. Ii; is possible to Ineke use of ff of. other than stendardi dimensions liaviiig ilieieon uodistorted limoges whose dimen-i sions are not proportional to the standard proportions of fl; to 3 end to compress such 4 images Vby printing them lir'ougli the use of en ammorplioser so es to' compress -tlie one dimension or the other to conform to the-4:: 3

ratio of ste'nc'leidqfiotion Pietore film.

Iii the preparation ofizhe de iiiaive. image or scene upoii the lm it is not necessary that the, Whole of the scene thus fixed on the film should be lixe'cl i'ipon it et one time or from' Views eolien at one. time. The scene u `on the lilm ojfiy oe compose-i. of portions te ren et 'dierent times and' even places and. the

whole seperaely' or simultaneously com,- pressed so es to build u`p e laterally or verticzill exeilded composite scene. This may be .one v:it Vsonrie omge in' thepriiitiiig of ictures from several standard iiegotives t is understood that in Fig. 5 the pintores may be of such composite character; Y

This application is e continuation in part of my application filed January 9th, 1928, Serial Number 245,558'.

I claim:

l. motion picture lrn heving thereon e. pl'ureliv of series of me-ges, escl'i image being of t e same eres, the images of one or more of solo. series ill herring proportions nor-mal with those of the objects and the im.

'ages of another or oliers of said series all oeiiig opliicoly compressed 1li one viven Clireciion whereby by progectiiig tlie :Fllnm on the screeii with ordinary enoreeiiientof the im ages of some of the series and with suitable d'iii'erentiol enlargement of images of the other series ictures iii naturel aro ortions but of different sizes and sli'epes best vsuited to the nature of the View may be mode to appear upon iheseieeii.V

2. A ro-ection ictureilm bovino' for-med J P c on the portion thereof available for picture record-ing mici reproduction `o. series of imegos. of staiiciard unformdimensions ,und proportions, but certain of said images being optically compressed in one dimension to given eviiilsble spiioeV thereby obtain in o Views which are consi(leioblyl extended in' that dimension. A l

l3. A projection picture film including izo thereon a series of pictures of uniform dimansions and proportions some of which are normal and some of iiiiolioreopticslly cou;-

isc c pressed incme imeuson and certain' ones in 5 j e'cted upon a screenLf-g sions an 'propmions 'which are optically" 'cmpressedj @me 1n one amensmn and somt: .g .10 1n another, so a5 t0 ohtam 'when progected and restored views which are considerably' Y extended bui only in' the @ne dimension r 5' -the other( v In ttimony, I have sgnedmy name to 15 this specification. l y 1 l A v `HEEQ'RI CHRETLEN. A

2351 su f another, so as so obtain both normal and e`xy Y tended news from the same lm whm prof 

